American Horse Collection

NATIVE AMERICAN CHIEFS. Six tribal chiefs, in ceremonial attire. Left to right: Little Plume (Piegan), Buckskin Charley (Ute), Geronimo (Chiricahua Apache), Quanah Parker (Comanche)

Red Cloud and American Horse The two most noted chiefs now living, 1891. Creator: John C. H. Grabill
Red Cloud and American Horse The two most noted chiefs now living, 1891. Two Oglala chiefs, American Horse (wearing western clothing and gun-in-holster) and Red Cloud (wearing headdress)

Home of Mrs American Horse Visiting squaws at Mrs A's home in hostile camp, 1891. Creator: John C. H. Grabill
Home of Mrs American Horse Visiting squaws at Mrs A's home in hostile camp, 1891. Oglala women and children seated inside an uncovered tipi frame in an encampment

Daughter of American Horse, 1908, c1908. Creator: Edward Sheriff Curtis
Daughter of American Horse, 1908, c1908. Half-length portrait, facing right

PINE RIDGE RESERVATION. Group portrait of Lakota Sioux chiefs and white U. S
PINE RIDGE RESERVATION. Group portrait of Lakota Sioux chiefs and white U.S. officials, including Buffalo Bill Cody (standing, center)

SIOUX CITIZENSHIP, 1907. A U. S. allotting surveyor (center) and his interpreter
SIOUX CITIZENSHIP, 1907. A U.S. allotting surveyor (center) and his interpreter (left) granting citizenship to Oglala Sioux Native American chief American Horse on the Pine Ridge reservation in South

SIOUX NATIVE AMERICAN, c1900. Charles American Horse, a young Oglala Sioux, holding a peace pipe. Photographed by Gertrude Kasebier, c1900

SIOUX GIRL, c1900. Julia American Horse, an Oglala Sioux Native American girl. Photographed by John Alvin Anderson, c1900

SIOUX COUPLE, c1900. Samuel American Horse, an Oglala Sioux Native American, and his wife. Photographed by Gertrude Käsebier, c1900

SIOUX NATIVE AMERICAN, c1900. Mrs. American Horse, an Oglala Sioux Native American woman. Photographed by Gertrude Käsebier, c1900

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Amidst the vast plains of the American West, the spirit of the Sioux Nation thrived. From the Piegan's Little Plume to the Chiricahua Apache's Geronimo, six tribal chiefs (L to R: Little Plume, Buckskin Charley, Geronimo, Quanah Parker, Hollow Horn Bear, and American Horse) stood strong against the tides of change. Their ceremonial attire, a testament to their rich heritage, was captured by Edward S. Curtis around 1900. As the world outside their lands evolved, so too did the dynamics of the Sioux people. In 1891, Lakota Sioux chiefs and white U.S. Officials, including Buffalo Bill Cody, gathered at the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. This meeting, symbolizing the complex relationship between the two groups, was documented by John C.H. Grabill. The U.S. Allotment system, introduced in 1907, brought about significant changes. A surveyor and his interpreter are seen measuring land, marking the beginning of a new era for the Sioux people. Among the Sioux Nation, the stories of individuals like Mrs. American Horse, an Oglala Sioux woman, and her son, Charles American Horse, continue to resonate. Their portraits, captured by various photographers around 1900, offer a glimpse into their lives and the enduring spirit of the Sioux Nation.